2018年全球制冷剂市场估计价值156.6亿美元,预计将在2019年至2026年以4.4%的CAGR成长。空调和制冷在过去十年中取得了巨大的发展,并减少了臭氧的使用- 制冷剂。目前全球行业情景中普遍存在的最新趋势是市场参与者越来越多地走向自然衍生的制冷剂的趋势,从技术上可行。
合成制冷剂在空调和制冷工业中占据了需求。预计合成期的需求将在预测期内进一步增长,但预计将处于最小的充电系统和低GWP物质。几个仪表包括安全性,效率,环境影响,相对大气的寿命,化学特征,即使是经济也对未来产品选择的选择有重大影响。
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碳氢化合物,carbon dioxideand氨are some of the naturally available refrigerants, while others such as HCFCs, HFCs and CFCs can only be produced artificially. The synthetic products have several characteristic advantages of refrigeration cycles over the natural ones such as superior thermodynamic efficiency and relative lower pressure. But, superior characteristics coms with a price of adverse environmental effect.
几乎每种制冷剂都具有大量(如二氧化碳)或显着(CFC)的环境影响,两种主要影响是温室效应和臭氧耗尽。蒙特利尔议定书一直是非常有影响力的,而HCF被引入作为臭氧消耗制冷剂的完美替代品。目前使用HCFS更多以及替代氟氯烃,其通常在CFC逐相后作为中间溶液应用。因此,多年来对HCF的消费和需求增加,预计在不久的将来进一步增加。
Every policy encourages the further development and application of low-GWP refrigerants as an initiative to help slow down and ultimately reverse the process of global warming while contributing to ensure a worldwide economic development and wellbeing along with a future viability for refrigerants and the entire industry.
Domestic refrigeration has witnessed significant growth over the past five years mainly among the economically emerging countries such as India, few of the developing parts of Mexico, Brazil etc. Around 63% of the newly developed or manufactured refrigeration systems for domestic use are charged with R134a and around 36% are charged with iso-butanes. It is projected that approximately 75% of globally manufactured refrigeration systems for domestic use will use hydrocarbons at least for the next eight to ten years. Charges for isobutane is less compared to R 134a charges. In addition to it offers higher efficiency as well. In most of the European countries, isobutane is the primary refrigerator for domestic use.
Light commercial refrigeration systems that includes ice cream chest freezers and bottle coolers current make use of several HFCs, however the hydrocarbons are the ones gaining most of the popularity in Europe and also other geographies.
Commercial refrigeration accounts for the maximum share in carbon dioxide emissions. The primary contributors are the super markets that normally use an HFCs with high high-GWP (R404A). CO2 and HCs are normally used are normally used as alternatives for HFCs. Both subcritical and transcritical carbon dioxide is currently the standard solution for supermarkets mainly in Northern Europe and several other countries.
对于工业制冷要求,氨是最常用的制冷剂。R507和R22是一些国家通常用于的其他选择之一。Ammonia作为工业制冷的传统制冷剂,其市场份额预计将增加预测期。它还与二氧化碳级联系统或二次冷却一起使用。但氨的主要问题是安全问题,即对电荷量施加压力。
热泵主要使用HFC和HCFC制冷剂,是目前最常用的HCFC制冷剂。丙烷被认为是传统空间热泵的最佳替代方案,因为它在所需温度范围内提供更高的效率。二氧化碳也是热泵的另一个最常用的产品。
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Emission of refrigerants from refrigeration systems are among the major contributors to global warming and leakages from these systems are yet another major issue. Several initiatives have been taken that are aimed at reducing leakages rates that will eventually help in minimizing charges. Industry participants have been focusing more on production of natural refrigerants with minimum GWPs owing to growing demand for these products from end-users. Manufacturers are also working on developing low GWP synthesis. Even though none of these products are regarded as universal alternatives for HCFs, industry participants have made several progresses in transition to low-GWP alternatives.
In terms of pricing of these products it actually differs from one country. HFCs prices are currently low in many countries as it doesn’t reflect the environmental impact according to the country’s respective policies. Many of the nations in the Europe are considering or have already implemented taxes on HFCs that reflects their GWP. HFCs currently offers the least initial cost in several applications owing to its relative low pressures and also most importantly the absence of flammability issues.
亚太地区是2017年最大的区域市场,占全球市场的30%。2017年日本有大约3100个二氧化碳商店。印度尼西亚拥有左右13家二氧化碳超市。第一个HC水循环系统安装在东南亚国家。印度是巨大的超级迷人市场之一,而制冷剂需求预计将是该地区预测地区的增长最快。
全球制冷剂市场与几家跨国公司和当地工业燃气供应商的存在分散,迎合了当地市场。目前市场上的一些领先的工业参与者包括霍尼韦尔国际公司,东岳集团有限公司,Arkema Sa,Linde集团,Cealours Company,Mexichem,Asahi Glass Corporation,Sinochem Group,Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd.,Air Liquids(Airgas制冷剂公司),Asahi Glass Corporation和Harp International。